Transient evolution of the polarization-dispersion vector’s probability distribution

Nonlinear polarization-mode dispersion in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence

Randomly varying birefringence leads to nonlinear polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in addition to the wellknown linear PMD. Here we calculate the variance of the field fluctuations produced by this nonlinear PMD. Knowing the size of these fluctuations is useful for assessing when nonlinear PMD is important and for its proper incorporation in fast numerical algorithms. We also derive the equil...

Simple Method for Polarization Dispersion Measurements in Long Single-Mode Fibres

The study of polarization dispersion in standard single-mode fibres takes on a growing importance, because the delay between polarization modes causes pulse broadening and may become predominant in multigigabit long-span optical links. The combined effects of weak birefringence and fluctuating mode coupling result in a stochastic behaviour of the polarization dispersion and of the output polari...

Interferometric Loop Method for Polarization Dispersion Measurements

A novel method for polarization dispersion measurements using an interferometric loop is presented. It can be achieved using a particularly simple setup and provides a representation of the probability distribution of the polarization dispersion.

Application of the concentration- area method to separate induced polarization anomalies data against classical statistics: A case study of Hamyj Porphyry Copper Deposit; Iran

Polarization mode dispersion probability distribution for arbitrary distances.

The probability distribution of the differential group delay (DGD) at any fiber length is determined by use of a physically reasonable model of the fiber birefringence. We show that if the fiber correlation length is of the same order as or larger than the beat length, the DGD distribution approaches a Maxwellian in roughly 30 fiber correlation lengths, corresponding to a couple of kilometers i...